Let a Direct binding follow a dotted Path into a nested Model.

One ViewModel per Model instance keeps two Views and a cycle aligned, and a missing nested Model leaves both sides unchanged.

fx/src/main/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/DirectBinding.java

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package de.neitzel.fx.view;
  * A Direct binding declared in FXML.
  * <p>
  * The element names the control by {@code fx:id}, the control property, the Path, and the
- * direction. A Path of one name is that Attribute of this View's ViewModel. Direction values
+ * direction. A Path of one name is that Attribute of this View's ViewModel. Further names step
- * are {@code view}, {@code model}, and {@code both}.
+ * into the ViewModel of a Complex attribute, and the direction applies to the last name.
+ * When that last name is complex, the control receives the Model instance behind the ViewModel.
+ * Direction values are {@code view}, {@code model}, and {@code both}.
  */
 public class DirectBinding {
 

fx/src/main/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/DirectBindingApplier.java

@@ -26,11 +26,20 @@ final class DirectBindingApplier {
         if (control == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("No control \"" + binding.getControl() + "\"");
         }
+        Resolved resolved = resolve(viewModel, binding.getPath());
+        if (resolved == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         Property<?> controlProperty = controlProperty(control, binding.getProperty());
-        Property<?> attribute = viewModel.property(binding.getPath());
+        Property<?> attribute = resolved.attribute;
-        if (attribute == null) {
+        if (resolved.complex) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            switch (binding.getDirection()) {
-                    "No read-write attribute for path \"" + binding.getPath() + "\"");
+                case "both" -> alignBothComplex(controlProperty, attribute);
+                case "view" -> alignTowardViewComplex(controlProperty, attribute);
+                case "model" -> alignTowardModelComplex(controlProperty, attribute);
+                default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a direction: " + binding.getDirection());
+            }
+            return;
         }
         switch (binding.getDirection()) {
             case "both" -> alignBoth(controlProperty, attribute);
@@ -40,6 +49,61 @@ final class DirectBindingApplier {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The Attribute a Path names, and whether that Attribute is complex.
+     */
+    private static final class Resolved {
+        private final Property<?> attribute;
+        private final boolean complex;
+
+        private Resolved(Property<?> attribute, boolean complex) {
+            this.attribute = attribute;
+            this.complex = complex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Follows a Path to the Attribute it names.
+     * <p>
+     * One name is an Attribute of {@code viewModel}. Each earlier name steps into the ViewModel
+     * held by that Complex attribute. A null Complex attribute along the Path leaves the binding
+     * unapplied.
+     *
+     * @param viewModel the ViewModel for this View
+     * @param path      the Path
+     * @return the Attribute for the last name, or {@code null} when a Complex attribute
+     *         along the Path is null
+     */
+    private static Resolved resolve(ViewModel viewModel, String path) {
+        String[] names = path.split("\\.", -1);
+        ViewModel current = viewModel;
+        for (int index = 0; index < names.length - 1; index++) {
+            String name = names[index];
+            Property<?> step = current.property(name);
+            if (step == null || !current.isComplex(name)) {
+                throw missing(path);
+            }
+            Object nested = step.getValue();
+            if (nested == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (!(nested instanceof ViewModel child)) {
+                throw missing(path);
+            }
+            current = child;
+        }
+        String last = names[names.length - 1];
+        Property<?> attribute = current.property(last);
+        if (attribute == null) {
+            throw missing(path);
+        }
+        return new Resolved(attribute, current.isComplex(last));
+    }
+
+    private static IllegalArgumentException missing(String path) {
+        return new IllegalArgumentException("No read-write attribute for path \"" + path + "\"");
+    }
+
     private static Property<?> controlProperty(Object control, String propertyName) {
         String methodName = propertyName + "Property";
         try {
@@ -57,6 +121,53 @@ final class DirectBindingApplier {
         }
     }
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static void alignBothComplex(Property<?> controlProperty, Property<?> attribute) {
+        Property<Object> control = (Property<Object>) controlProperty;
+        Property<Object> source = (Property<Object>) attribute;
+        control.setValue(modelBehind(source.getValue()));
+        source.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> {
+            Object model = modelBehind(newValue);
+            if (control.getValue() != model) {
+                control.setValue(model);
+            }
+        });
+        control.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> {
+            if (modelBehind(source.getValue()) == newValue) {
+                return;
+            }
+            source.setValue(newValue == null ? null : ViewModels.of(newValue));
+        });
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static void alignTowardViewComplex(Property<?> controlProperty, Property<?> attribute) {
+        Property<Object> control = (Property<Object>) controlProperty;
+        Property<Object> source = (Property<Object>) attribute;
+        control.setValue(modelBehind(source.getValue()));
+        source.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> control.setValue(modelBehind(newValue)));
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static void alignTowardModelComplex(Property<?> controlProperty, Property<?> attribute) {
+        Property<Object> control = (Property<Object>) controlProperty;
+        Property<Object> source = (Property<Object>) attribute;
+        control.setValue(modelBehind(source.getValue()));
+        control.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> {
+            if (modelBehind(source.getValue()) == newValue) {
+                return;
+            }
+            source.setValue(newValue == null ? null : ViewModels.of(newValue));
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static Object modelBehind(Object value) {
+        if (value instanceof ViewModel viewModel) {
+            return viewModel.model();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     private static void alignBoth(Property<?> controlProperty, Property<?> attribute) {
         ((Property<Object>) controlProperty).bindBidirectional((Property<Object>) attribute);

fx/src/main/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/ViewLoader.java

@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@ public final class ViewLoader {
     /**
      * Loads a View for one Model instance.
      * <p>
-     * Builds a ViewModel for {@code model}, loads {@code fxml}, and applies Direct bindings
+     * Reuses the ViewModel already built for {@code model}, or builds one, then loads {@code fxml}
-     * declared in {@code fx:define}. Direction {@code both} keeps the control and the Attribute
+     * and applies Direct bindings declared in {@code fx:define}. Direction {@code both} keeps the
+     * control and the Attribute
      * aligned, so editing the control writes the Attribute immediately. Direction {@code view}
      * shows the Attribute and follows later property changes without writing the Attribute back.
      * Direction {@code model} shows the current value, writes the Attribute when the control
-     * changes, and does not push later property changes to the control. A path that is not a
+     * changes, and does not push later property changes to the control. A Path of one name is an
-     * read-write Attribute fails the load. The context is used when the document names a Controller.
+     * Attribute of this View's ViewModel. Further names step into a nested ViewModel, and the
+     * direction applies to the last name. When a Complex attribute along the Path is null, the
+     * control and the Model keep their current values. A path that is not a read-write Attribute
+     * fails the load. The context is used when the document names a Controller.
      *
      * @param fxml    the FXML document
      * @param model   the Model instance
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ public final class ViewLoader {
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException when a Direct binding names a path that is not a read-write Attribute
      */
     public static LoadedView load(URL fxml, Object model, ApplicationContext context) {
-        ViewModel viewModel = new ViewModel(model);
+        ViewModel viewModel = ViewModels.of(model);
         LoadSession session = LoadSession.open();
         try {
             FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(fxml);

fx/src/main/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/ViewModel.java

@@ -20,9 +20,14 @@ import java.beans.Introspector;
 import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * The object a View binds to, built at runtime for one Model instance.
@@ -31,14 +36,21 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * property under the Attribute name. The property class follows the Attribute's declared type,
  * including when the current value is null. String, integer, long, float, double, and boolean
  * attributes use the matching JavaFX property. Any other declared type is an object property.
+ * A Complex attribute, a read-write Attribute whose declared type itself has a read-write
+ * Attribute, stores the ViewModel for the nested Model instance, or null when the Attribute
+ * is null. Strings, numbers, booleans, enums, {@link Date}, {@link Calendar}, and {@code java.time}
+ * values stay simple even when that type has setters. A collection is not a Complex attribute.
+ * A cycle, or another Attribute that reaches the same instance, reuses that ViewModel.
  * The property is set from the Attribute when the ViewModel is created. A null number or
  * boolean leaves the primitive property at its default. After that, a change of the property
- * writes the Attribute. A call to the entity's setter does not update the property.
+ * writes the Attribute. A Complex attribute writes the Model instance behind the ViewModel.
+ * A call to the entity's setter does not update the property.
  */
 public class ViewModel {
 
     private final Object model;
     private final Map<String, Property<?>> properties = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Set<String> complexAttributes = new HashSet<>();
 
     /**
      * Builds a ViewModel for one Model instance.
@@ -47,6 +59,7 @@ public class ViewModel {
      */
     ViewModel(Object model) {
         this.model = model;
+        ViewModels.register(model, this);
         for (PropertyDescriptor descriptor : descriptors(model.getClass())) {
             Method getter = descriptor.getReadMethod();
             Method setter = descriptor.getWriteMethod();
@@ -54,11 +67,21 @@ public class ViewModel {
                 continue;
             }
             String name = descriptor.getName();
-            Property<?> property = createProperty(descriptor.getPropertyType(), read(getter, name));
+            Class<?> type = descriptor.getPropertyType();
+            Object current = read(getter, name);
+            if (isComplex(type)) {
+                Property<?> property = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(
+                        current == null ? null : ViewModels.of(current));
+                watchComplex(property, setter, name);
+                properties.put(name, property);
+                complexAttributes.add(name);
+            } else {
+                Property<?> property = createProperty(type, current);
                 watch(property, setter, name);
                 properties.put(name, property);
             }
         }
+    }
 
     /**
      * Returns the JavaFX property for an Attribute name.
@@ -70,6 +93,25 @@ public class ViewModel {
         return properties.get(name);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the Model instance this ViewModel was built for.
+     *
+     * @return the Model instance
+     */
+    Object model() {
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reports whether an Attribute is complex.
+     *
+     * @param name the Attribute name
+     * @return {@code true} when that Attribute holds a nested ViewModel
+     */
+    boolean isComplex(String name) {
+        return complexAttributes.contains(name);
+    }
+
     private static List<PropertyDescriptor> descriptors(Class<?> type) {
         try {
             BeanInfo info = Introspector.getBeanInfo(type, Object.class);
@@ -79,6 +121,38 @@ public class ViewModel {
         }
     }
 
+    private static boolean isComplex(Class<?> type) {
+        if (simpleValue(type)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (PropertyDescriptor descriptor : descriptors(type)) {
+            if (descriptor.getReadMethod() != null
+                    && descriptor.getWriteMethod() != null
+                    && descriptor.getPropertyType() != null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean simpleValue(Class<?> type) {
+        if (type.isPrimitive() || type.isEnum() || type.isArray()
+                || type == String.class || type == Boolean.class) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (Number.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (Date.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Calendar.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Package packaged = type.getPackage();
+        return packaged != null && packaged.getName().startsWith("java.time");
+    }
+
     private static Property<?> createProperty(Class<?> type, Object value) {
         if (type == String.class) {
             return new SimpleStringProperty((String) value);
@@ -153,6 +227,13 @@ public class ViewModel {
         property.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> write(setter, name, newValue));
     }
 
+    private void watchComplex(Property<?> property, Method setter, String name) {
+        property.addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> {
+            Object written = newValue instanceof ViewModel viewModel ? viewModel.model() : newValue;
+            write(setter, name, written);
+        });
+    }
+
     private void write(Method setter, String name, Object value) {
         try {
             setter.invoke(model, value);

fx/src/main/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/ViewModels.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package de.neitzel.fx.view;
+
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * The ViewModels already built, one for each Model instance.
+ * <p>
+ * Instances are compared by identity, so two Models that are equal still get two ViewModels.
+ */
+final class ViewModels {
+
+    private static final Map<Object, ViewModel> BY_INSTANCE = new IdentityHashMap<>();
+
+    private ViewModels() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the ViewModel for a Model instance, building it when none exists yet.
+     *
+     * @param model the Model instance
+     * @return the ViewModel for that instance
+     */
+    static ViewModel of(Object model) {
+        ViewModel existing = BY_INSTANCE.get(model);
+        if (existing != null) {
+            return existing;
+        }
+        return new ViewModel(model);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Records a ViewModel before its Attributes are walked, so a cycle reuses it.
+     *
+     * @param model     the Model instance
+     * @param viewModel the ViewModel under construction
+     */
+    static void register(Object model, ViewModel viewModel) {
+        BY_INSTANCE.put(model, viewModel);
+    }
+}

fx/src/test/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/ReachNestedAttributeTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+package de.neitzel.fx.view;
+
+import de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture.Address;
+import de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture.ObjectHolder;
+import de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture.Person;
+import de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture.Role;
+import de.neitzel.injection.ApplicationContext;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.scene.control.Label;
+import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
+class ReachNestedAttributeTest {
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void startJavaFx() throws InterruptedException {
+        CountDownLatch started = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        try {
+            Platform.startup(started::countDown);
+        } catch (IllegalStateException alreadyStarted) {
+            started.countDown();
+        }
+        if (!started.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+            fail("JavaFX toolkit did not start");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void complexAttributeHoldsTheViewModelForTheNestedAddress() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setAddress(new Address("Main"));
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            Object addressValue = loaded.property("address").getValue();
+            assertInstanceOf(ViewModel.class, addressValue);
+            assertEquals("Main", ((ViewModel) addressValue).property("street").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void bothWaysTextFieldReadsAndWritesTheNestedStreet() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Address address = new Address("Main");
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setAddress(address);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("address-street-both.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            TextField streetField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#streetField");
+            assertEquals("Main", streetField.getText());
+            streetField.setText("Oak");
+            assertEquals("Oak", address.getStreet());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void towardViewLabelFollowsTheNestedStreetAndDoesNotWrite() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Address address = new Address("Main");
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setAddress(address);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("address-street-both-and-view.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            TextField streetField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#streetField");
+            Label streetLabel = (Label) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#streetLabel");
+            assertEquals("Main", streetLabel.getText());
+            streetField.setText("Oak");
+            assertEquals("Oak", streetLabel.getText());
+            assertEquals("Oak", address.getStreet());
+            streetLabel.setText("Side");
+            assertEquals("Oak", address.getStreet());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void bothWaysBindingOnAComplexPathYieldsTheModelInstance() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Address address = new Address("Main");
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setAddress(address);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("address-object.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            ObjectHolder addressHolder = (ObjectHolder) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#addressHolder");
+            assertSame(address, addressHolder.getValue());
+            Address moved = new Address("Oak");
+            addressHolder.setValue(moved);
+            assertSame(moved, person.getAddress());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void fillingAMissingAddressStoresTheViewModelAndWritesTheModel() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("address-object.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            ObjectHolder addressHolder = (ObjectHolder) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#addressHolder");
+            assertNull(addressHolder.getValue());
+            assertNull(person.getAddress());
+            Address address = new Address("Main");
+            addressHolder.setValue(address);
+            assertSame(address, person.getAddress());
+            Object addressValue = loaded.property("address").getValue();
+            assertInstanceOf(ViewModel.class, addressValue);
+            assertEquals("Main", ((ViewModel) addressValue).property("street").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void missingAddressLeavesTheControlAndTheModelUnchanged() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("address-street-kept.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            TextField streetField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#streetField");
+            assertEquals("kept", streetField.getText());
+            assertNull(person.getAddress());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void nullComplexAttributeHoldsNull() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertNull(loaded.property("address").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void attributesThatReachTheSameAddressShareItsViewModel() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Address shared = new Address("Main");
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setHome(shared);
+            person.setWork(shared);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("home-work-street.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertSame(loaded.property("home").getValue(), loaded.property("work").getValue());
+            TextField homeField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#homeField");
+            TextField workField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#workField");
+            homeField.setText("Oak");
+            assertEquals("Oak", workField.getText());
+            assertEquals("Oak", shared.getStreet());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void equalAddressesKeepSeparateViewModels() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Address home = new Address("Main");
+            Address work = new Address("Main");
+            assertEquals(home, work);
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setHome(home);
+            person.setWork(work);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("home-work-street.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertNotSame(loaded.property("home").getValue(), loaded.property("work").getValue());
+            TextField homeField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#homeField");
+            TextField workField = (TextField) loaded.getRoot().lookup("#workField");
+            homeField.setText("Oak");
+            assertEquals("Oak", home.getStreet());
+            assertEquals("Main", work.getStreet());
+            assertEquals("Main", workField.getText());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void aPersonWhoIsTheirOwnFriendReusesTheSameViewModel() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setFriend(person);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertSame(loaded.getViewModel(), loaded.property("friend").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void twoPeopleWhoPointAtEachOtherReuseTheViewModelsAlreadyBuilt() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person ada = new Person("Ada");
+            Person grace = new Person("Grace");
+            ada.setFriend(grace);
+            grace.setFriend(ada);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, ada, context);
+            ViewModel graceModel = (ViewModel) loaded.property("friend").getValue();
+            assertEquals("Grace", graceModel.property("name").getValue());
+            assertSame(loaded.getViewModel(), graceModel.property("friend").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void enumsBooleansAndDateValuesStaySimpleValues() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Date updated = new Date(0L);
+            Calendar hired = new GregorianCalendar(2020, Calendar.JANUARY, 2);
+            LocalDate born = LocalDate.of(1815, 12, 10);
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setActive(true);
+            person.setRole(Role.ADMIN);
+            person.setBorn(born);
+            person.setUpdated(updated);
+            person.setHired(hired);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertEquals(true, loaded.property("active").getValue());
+            assertSame(Role.ADMIN, loaded.property("role").getValue());
+            assertEquals(born, loaded.property("born").getValue());
+            assertSame(updated, loaded.property("updated").getValue());
+            assertSame(hired, loaded.property("hired").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void aCollectionStaysTheCollectionRatherThanAViewModel() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            List<String> tags = new ArrayList<>();
+            tags.add("friend");
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            person.setTags(tags);
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView loaded = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertSame(tags, loaded.property("tags").getValue());
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void twoLoadsOfTheSamePersonShareTheViewModel() throws Exception {
+        onFx(() -> {
+            Person person = new Person("Ada");
+            URL fxml = ReachNestedAttributeTest.class.getResource("name-both-ways.fxml");
+            assertNotNull(fxml);
+            ApplicationContext context = new ApplicationContext("de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture");
+            LoadedView first = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            LoadedView second = ViewLoader.load(fxml, person, context);
+            assertSame(first.getViewModel(), second.getViewModel());
+            TextField firstName = (TextField) first.getRoot().lookup("#nameField");
+            TextField secondName = (TextField) second.getRoot().lookup("#nameField");
+            firstName.setText("Grace");
+            assertEquals("Grace", secondName.getText());
+            assertEquals("Grace", person.getName());
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static void onFx(FxAction action) throws Exception {
+        if (Platform.isFxApplicationThread()) {
+            action.run();
+            return;
+        }
+        AtomicReference<Throwable> thrown = new AtomicReference<>();
+        CountDownLatch done = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        Platform.runLater(() -> {
+            try {
+                action.run();
+            } catch (Throwable failure) {
+                thrown.set(failure);
+            } finally {
+                done.countDown();
+            }
+        });
+        if (!done.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+            fail("JavaFX thread did not finish");
+        }
+        Throwable failure = thrown.get();
+        if (failure instanceof Exception exception) {
+            throw exception;
+        }
+        if (failure instanceof Error error) {
+            throw error;
+        }
+        if (failure != null) {
+            throw new AssertionError(failure);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    private interface FxAction {
+        void run() throws Exception;
+    }
+}

fx/src/test/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/fixture/Address.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Ordinary nested model used by view-loading tests.
+ * <p>
+ * Equality follows the street, so two addresses with the same street are equal while remaining
+ * different instances.
+ */
+public class Address {
+
+    private String street;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an address with the given street.
+     *
+     * @param street the current street
+     */
+    public Address(String street) {
+        this.street = street;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the street.
+     *
+     * @return the street
+     */
+    public String getStreet() {
+        return street;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the street.
+     *
+     * @param street the street
+     */
+    public void setStreet(String street) {
+        this.street = street;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (other instanceof Address address) {
+            return Objects.equals(street, address.street);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hashCode(street);
+    }
+}

fx/src/test/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/fixture/ObjectHolder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture;
+
+import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
+import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
+import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
+
+/**
+ * A small control whose value is an object, used to bind a Complex attribute.
+ */
+public class ObjectHolder extends Pane {
+
+    private final ObjectProperty<Object> value = new SimpleObjectProperty<>(this, "value");
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value property.
+     *
+     * @return the value property
+     */
+    public ObjectProperty<Object> valueProperty() {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current value.
+     *
+     * @return the value
+     */
+    public Object getValue() {
+        return value.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value.
+     *
+     * @param value the value
+     */
+    public void setValue(Object value) {
+        this.value.set(value);
+    }
+}

fx/src/test/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/fixture/Person.java

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 package de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture;
 
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+
 /**
  * Ordinary model used by view-loading tests.
  */
@@ -7,6 +12,16 @@ public class Person {
 
     private String name;
     private Integer age;
+    private boolean active;
+    private Address address;
+    private Address home;
+    private Address work;
+    private Person friend;
+    private Role role;
+    private LocalDate born;
+    private Date updated;
+    private Calendar hired;
+    private List<String> tags;
 
     /**
      * Creates a person with the given name.
@@ -61,4 +76,184 @@ public class Person {
     public void setAge(Integer age) {
         this.age = age;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the address.
+     *
+     * @return the address, or {@code null} when the person has none
+     */
+    public Address getAddress() {
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the address.
+     *
+     * @param address the address
+     */
+    public void setAddress(Address address) {
+        this.address = address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the home address.
+     *
+     * @return the home address
+     */
+    public Address getHome() {
+        return home;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the home address.
+     *
+     * @param home the home address
+     */
+    public void setHome(Address home) {
+        this.home = home;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the work address.
+     *
+     * @return the work address
+     */
+    public Address getWork() {
+        return work;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the work address.
+     *
+     * @param work the work address
+     */
+    public void setWork(Address work) {
+        this.work = work;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the friend.
+     *
+     * @return the friend
+     */
+    public Person getFriend() {
+        return friend;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the friend.
+     *
+     * @param friend the friend
+     */
+    public void setFriend(Person friend) {
+        this.friend = friend;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the person is active.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} when the person is active
+     */
+    public boolean isActive() {
+        return active;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the person is active.
+     *
+     * @param active {@code true} when the person is active
+     */
+    public void setActive(boolean active) {
+        this.active = active;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the role.
+     *
+     * @return the role
+     */
+    public Role getRole() {
+        return role;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the role.
+     *
+     * @param role the role
+     */
+    public void setRole(Role role) {
+        this.role = role;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the birth date.
+     *
+     * @return the birth date
+     */
+    public LocalDate getBorn() {
+        return born;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the birth date.
+     *
+     * @param born the birth date
+     */
+    public void setBorn(LocalDate born) {
+        this.born = born;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the last update.
+     *
+     * @return the last update
+     */
+    public Date getUpdated() {
+        return updated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the last update.
+     *
+     * @param updated the last update
+     */
+    public void setUpdated(Date updated) {
+        this.updated = updated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the hire date.
+     *
+     * @return the hire date
+     */
+    public Calendar getHired() {
+        return hired;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the hire date.
+     *
+     * @param hired the hire date
+     */
+    public void setHired(Calendar hired) {
+        this.hired = hired;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the tags.
+     *
+     * @return the tags
+     */
+    public List<String> getTags() {
+        return tags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the tags.
+     *
+     * @param tags the tags
+     */
+    public void setTags(List<String> tags) {
+        this.tags = tags;
+    }
 }

fx/src/test/java/de/neitzel/fx/view/fixture/Role.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture;
+
+/**
+ * A simple enum Attribute used by view-loading tests.
+ */
+public enum Role {
+    MEMBER,
+    ADMIN
+}

fx/src/test/resources/de/neitzel/fx/view/address-object.fxml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.BindingList?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.DirectBinding?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.fixture.ObjectHolder?>
+
+<VBox xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml">
+    <fx:define>
+        <BindingList>
+            <DirectBinding control="addressHolder" property="value" path="address" direction="both"/>
+        </BindingList>
+    </fx:define>
+    <ObjectHolder fx:id="addressHolder" id="addressHolder"/>
+</VBox>

fx/src/test/resources/de/neitzel/fx/view/address-street-both-and-view.fxml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
+<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
+<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.BindingList?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.DirectBinding?>
+
+<VBox xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml">
+    <fx:define>
+        <BindingList>
+            <DirectBinding control="streetField" property="text" path="address.street" direction="both"/>
+            <DirectBinding control="streetLabel" property="text" path="address.street" direction="view"/>
+        </BindingList>
+    </fx:define>
+    <TextField fx:id="streetField" id="streetField"/>
+    <Label fx:id="streetLabel" id="streetLabel"/>
+</VBox>

fx/src/test/resources/de/neitzel/fx/view/address-street-both.fxml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
+<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.BindingList?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.DirectBinding?>
+
+<VBox xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml">
+    <fx:define>
+        <BindingList>
+            <DirectBinding control="streetField" property="text" path="address.street" direction="both"/>
+        </BindingList>
+    </fx:define>
+    <TextField fx:id="streetField" id="streetField"/>
+</VBox>

fx/src/test/resources/de/neitzel/fx/view/address-street-kept.fxml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
+<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.BindingList?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.DirectBinding?>
+
+<VBox xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml">
+    <fx:define>
+        <BindingList>
+            <DirectBinding control="streetField" property="text" path="address.street" direction="both"/>
+        </BindingList>
+    </fx:define>
+    <TextField fx:id="streetField" id="streetField" text="kept"/>
+</VBox>

fx/src/test/resources/de/neitzel/fx/view/home-work-street.fxml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
+<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.BindingList?>
+<?import de.neitzel.fx.view.DirectBinding?>
+
+<VBox xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml">
+    <fx:define>
+        <BindingList>
+            <DirectBinding control="homeField" property="text" path="home.street" direction="both"/>
+            <DirectBinding control="workField" property="text" path="work.street" direction="both"/>
+        </BindingList>
+    </fx:define>
+    <TextField fx:id="homeField" id="homeField"/>
+    <TextField fx:id="workField" id="workField"/>
+</VBox>